Religious Exemptions and Discrimination - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 596 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/03/29 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Discrimination Essay Did you like this example? Over the last ten years, queer people in the United States have made significant political and legal progress such as the liberty to get married to the parties of their liking. Queer people in this case represent minor interest groups such as the lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgender (LGBT) people in the United States. However, every aspect of this progress is not covered or protected by federal laws. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Religious Exemptions and Discrimination" essay for you Create order One such aspect is the prohibition of discrimination directed to queer people in relation to their gender identity and sexual orientation in sectors such as housing, employment and access to needed services. Without protection from discrimination, these people are evidently in lack of a legal recourse to sue for damages in the cases where they are evicted, fired and refused service due to either their gender identity or sexual orientation. One sensitive area of discussion is the recent emergence of service refusal by businesses due to what is perceived as the owners religious beliefs. The question whether service refusal on religious grounds is right or wrong has been posed on several official and unofficial platforms across the country. The proponents of this service refusal definitely deem the act right in its entirety. It is argued that the federal laws are structured in such a way as to create a balance between the rights of these queer groups of people and religious freedom. Therefore, business owners are within their own rights as religious believers to discriminate these people with little to no consideration since the law creates a blanket of exceptions on this regard. In this case, service refusal is deemed inconsequential since queer people could easily invest time and money to get these services in places that are considerate to their plight. As much as there are business owners who feel uncomfortable serving these people, there also exist other businesses that are accommodative. Therefore, it stands to reason that these people should simply take their business elsewhere. However, these arguments fail on a couple of fronts. They fail to completely convince that the action taken by these business owners is right. First and foremost, these arguments trivializes the discrimination being perpetrated on these people. Any type of discrimination is wrong since it hold far reaching impacts. In this case, service denial stands to impact on these individuals and their families negatively. Secondly, these arguments make an outrageous implication that once denied service these people could still simply locate alternative accommodative services nearby. One such notable case of service denial was in the Masterpiece Cakeshop case. Proponents of service denial have continued to make use of the argument that service are easy to come by in numerous amicus briefs in support of the business owners in this case. These briefs hold anti-queer views that are highly extreme in nature. However, these views act like a one-two punch in the face of queer people in reality. Service denial is a form of discrimination that results to a sought of harm that negatively impacts the peoples physical and psychological health together with their wellbeing. Compounding these effects, experience has shown that on many instances once denied services these people ended up missing these services in alternative places. This implies that denying these people services makes it difficult or rather impossible for them to secure services at all. As a result, the act denies them full participation in the public square. With all these arguments, denying services to queer people on religious grounds is not only right but also inhumane from all possible perspectives and no amount of justification can change that.

Rorty 1984 Truth - 1398 Words

Rorty’s interpretation of the underlying messages of Nineteen Eighty-Four is, to a large extent, consistent with his views on truth and objectivity. â€Å"It does not matter whether two plus two is four is true, much less whether this truth is subjective or corresponds to external reality† (CIS, 176). What Rorty means by this is that it does not matter what one’s beliefs are, or whether those beliefs are true or not†¦ What defines a free society is that people are able to voice their beliefs and opinions without being scared about any repercussions. Winston wrote, â€Å"Freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two make four. If that is granted, all else follows† (1984, 69). It can be†¦show more content†¦He says â€Å"What was terrifying was not that they would kill you for thinking otherwise, but that they might be right†. For, after all, how do we know that two and two make four?†¦ If both the past and the external world exi st only in the mind, and if the mind itself is controllable- what then† (1984, 84)? The concept of physical pain is given a lot of importance in 1984. Winston thinks, â€Å"nothing in the world is as bad as physical pain† (1984, 251). It is due to immense physical pain that his process of re-educating himself begins. After being tortured in the dreaded Room 101, Winston set about educating himself in the way the Party wanted. He wrote the Party slogans on the slate they provided him and made himself believe them. He convinced himself that two and two was five; he acquired, laboriously the stupidity required to do that. â€Å"It is not easy to become sane† (1984,263). â€Å"He wondered, as he had many times wondered before, whether he himself was a lunatic. Perhaps a lunatic was simply a minority of one. But the thought of being a lunatic did not greatly trouble him: the horror was that he might also be wrong† (1984, ch 7). Initially, when Conant says that one of Rorty’s doctrines is that â€Å"solidarity should replace objectivity† (Conant, 87), what this seems to imply is that one’s beliefs should be in accordance with that of one’s peers instead of blindly believingShow MoreRelatedThe Perfect Utopia Will Never Be A Reality906 Words   |  4 Pageswarn us about something else we need to fix about today’s society. Thank you so much Atwood, Huxley, Frankl, Wilson, and Freud for your views and have a safe trip back to wherever you might be going. Welcome Foucault, Orwell, Andreas, Burgess, and Rorty. I have noticed that all of your book contain common themes. Some of those themes include forms of discipline and punishment, control of power, and war. That being said who wants to start of the discussion? Foucault: I guess I will start. I thinkRead More Biology, Pragmatism and Contradiction Essay3857 Words   |  16 Pagescontradiction. According to Apel, when we abandon the Universal Philosophy we have to abandon rationality as well, and consequently, Philosophy itself. The performative contradiction appears when trying to think everything as contingent, (including truths and principles that validate the argumentative rationality) we would expect this to be inter-subjectively accepted. Thus, we would be proposing that there are not universal foundations or validations for our statements and simultaneously expectingRead More Equality of Life4144 Words   |  17 Pagesineradicable pluralism as well as cultural diversity. I contend that the defender of religion who argues from the incommensurability of this form of life must also give up all traces of worldview exclusivism, the dogmatic claim to possess the one truth about the world. Finally, I argue that if we are to move into a future of peace, we must acknowledge that various forms of life are lived on a level playing field. That is, all forms have important contributions to make, and none have revelatory advantagesRead MoreChristian Ethics in a Postmodern World Essay example6531 Words   |  27 Pagesin ‘inderterminancy’. French sociologist Jean-Franà §ois Lyotard understands postmodern as the deconstruction of the meta-narratives of the techno-scientism and the capitalism of the modern society because of the â€Å"incredulity toward metanarratives† (1984: xxiv). Paolo Portoghesi (1983) warns us not to treat ‘postmodern’ as a label designating homogeneous and convergent things but rather lumping together different things (including returning to historical and classical tradition) which arise from aRead MoreUnderstanding The World Through The Study Of Knowledge1862 Words   |  8 Pagescentral epistemological interest than the search for elements and justification. However, Traditionalists have replied by challenging the logic of the descriptivist’s assertion to be epistemologists to some extent (i.e Dretske 1985, Kim 1988, Stroud 1984). One method of categorizing out the connection between descriptive and traditional epistemology is to classify their associations as follows: 1. Descriptive epistemology is an opposition to traditional epistemology. Viewing it from this perspectiveRead MoreContemporary Management Issues9330 Words   |  38 Pagesunorganized and ‘subjective. This scholarship has attempted to re-evaluate traditional conceptions of resistance and, in the process, de-romanticise it to include what might appear to be more mundane and quotidian aspects of organizational life (de Certeau, 1984). With this in mind, a whole range of employee responses to and experiences of culture engineering should be examined as potentially transgressive activities. Here we concentrate on three so-called subjective and often covert modalities of resistanceRead MoreEssay about Postmodernism, Deconstructionism, and the Ethnographic Text5376 Words   |  22 Pagesrather than creating meta-theories to explain observed cultural phenomenon and argued for the creation of new, temporally appropriate, modes of expression which questions the implied authority of tra ditional theoretical and methodological constructs (1984). Derrida (1976) questioned the relationship of text and author, challenging the dominance of the latter over the former, offering deconstructionism as an answer to the problem of authorship and interpretation of texts. Clifford (1988) viewed the acceptedRead MoreStudents Role in National Development9194 Words   |  37 Pagesdemonstrated that teachers must take these styles into account. Additionally, researchers have shown that students function at various developmental levels of intellectual and moral reasoning (Canella, 1997; Erickson, 1987; Gilligan, 1982; Kohlberg, 1984; Piaget, 1995). Finally, students may also require modifications in instructional methods, materials and environment because of physical, emotional, perceptual or intellectual exceptionalities (Dunn, Dunn Perrin, 1994). This valuable but challengingRead MoreLanguage and the Destiny of Man12402 Words   |  50 Pagesin modern Europe few areas have been left uncharted by the interpreters of the French philosopher. The conservative picture of Descartes - in epistemology (Bachelard), and subsequently in the archaeology of power (Foucault) or even in metaphysics (Rorty) – is matched against the perfectly equivocal (Derrida) or even the revolutionary Descartes who proclaims liberty as the foundation of being (Sartre). The former metaphysician thus becomes a revolutionary that precedes all revolutions. In his analysisRead MoreCompare and Contrast Functionalism and Structuralism14315 Words   |  58 Pagesincluding Rom Harrà © (see Harrà © 1979; Harrà © and Secord 1972) and Henri Tajfel (1972) in the UK and Ken Gergen in the USA (Gergen 1973; Gergen and Gergen 1984). This shift became a landslide by the 1980s (albeit a relatively small and local one). Again there were several inï ¬â€šuential people, including Henriques and his colleagues (Henriques et al. 1984) and Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell (Potter and Wetherell 1987). By the end of the decade Ian Parker – another leading light of the new movement

The Effects of Red Tide free essay sample

The National Institute of Health began studying the problem in 2000. Their study looked first at the effects of the red tide toxins on mice. The mice surprisingly did not show any respiratory effects, but did show signs of immune suppression. This evidence supports recently documented new illnesses in dolphins and other marine animals, and causes concern for the far reaching implications on the exposed human population. The research team also reviewed health records for local emergency rooms, which showed that respiratory problems such as asthma and bronchitis increased during the red tide events. When the team investigated further they found that while red tide events were thought to mainly affect the respiratory system, research showed that the manatees were also killed by eating sea grasses that contained the toxins long after the blooms were gone. This caused them to believe that humans may also be affected by eating seafood exposed to the red tide toxins. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Red Tide or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although â€Å"Red Tide† has always been thought to affect mainly marine life, these recent studies have shown it to affect the human population also. The far reaching implications could be enormous, especially for the people who live in often infected areas, as well as for the seafood industry. Further research is necessary to determine how the brevotoxins may be controlled, and how they are formed. Humans who are exposed should be cautious, and steps should be taken to prevent further pollutions that may increase the growth of the problem. Works Cited Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution. â€Å"Red Tide Impacts Increasing for Endangered Manatees and Humans. † Biology News Net (Feb 26, 2006): 1-3.

Systems and Credit Risk Management †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Systems and Credit Risk Management. Answer: Introduction: The company drafted 10 years plan for new plant expansion. ANB Automobile Berhad need to compute the amount of money coming in and amount of money going out so as to determine the feasibility level of this particular business. There is no point of investing huge amounts of money without determining whether the business will generate more revenue and reserves than what was initially invested (Combs, Clapp-Smith Nadkarni, 2010). For that purpose, the company need to carry out cash flow analysis so as to determine whether cash inflow is greater than cash outflow. If cash outflow is more than cash inflow, then the project under consideration is not worth investing since the company will incur loses. If the cash inflow is more than cash outflow, then the project is worth investing since the company is making profits. If the cash inflow is equal to cash outflow, then the company is indifferent on whether to invest or not (Cocca Alberti, 2012). From the beginning of 2017, ANB Automobile B erhad Company placed an initial investment of RM 37 million in research and development (R D). This implies that the first cash outflow occurred in year 2017 amounting to 37 million. Again ANB Automobile Berhad Company decided to purchase piece of land worth 3 million. This is a cash outflow because money is moving out of the company. Cost of construction will 28.5 million. This amount was splinted into two payments. First payment was done at 20.5 million on 31 December 2018. That falls under cash outflow. Second payment was done at 8 million on 31 December 2019. Again that is cash outflow. Second payment of RM 8 million made to the contractor on 31 December 2019. This was the second payment to construction process (Chopra, 2012). This amount was also a cash outflow. Again, the company had to offer commission and pay for transport and equipment. Installation of equipment will be completed at the middle of 2019 and payment is expected to be made at 31 December 2019. Total cost includes RM 15 million for equipment and transportation. For commission, ANB Automobile Berhad Company spent RM 300,000. These amounts will be reflected in cash outflow column in cash flow d iagram. The company also need to put the cost of operation into consideration. From first year, 2017, the operational cost was 950,000. Thus for 2018, operation cost was 104% 950,000= 988,000. For year 2019, operation cost will be 104% 988,000= 1,027,520. Therefore, the total operation cost for ANB Automobile Berhad Company by the end 2019 will be 950,000+988,000+1,027,520= 2,965,520. To consider the cash inflow that the company will generate, then we consider year 2017 as a base year for a span of 3 year up to 2019. Overall revenue of the company has decreased to RM 30 million at first year and predicted to increase 5% each year. Thus, the revenue in year 1 = 30 million. For year 2 will be 105% 30 million= 31.5 million. For year 3, 105 31.5=33. 075. Events Description year Cash outflow 000 1 Initial investment of RM 37 million in research and development (R D).This was done in the beginning of 2017 2017 37,000 2 Cash used to purchase a new piece of land for expansion. Extension of the new plant requires a piece of land cost RM 3 million. 2018 3,000 3 First payment of RM 20.5 million made to the contractor on 31 December 2018. This was the first payment to construction process. 2018 20, 500 4 Second payment of RM 8 million made to the contractor on 31 December 2019. This was the second payment to construction process. 2019 8,000 5 Installation of equipment will be completed at the middle of 2019 and payment is expected to be made at 31 December 2019. Total cost includes RM 15 million for equipment and transportation. 2019 15,000 6 RM 300,000 for commissioning. 2019 300 7 Operation costs year 2017 2017 950 Operation costs year 2018 2018 988 Operation costs year 2019 2019 1027.52 Totals 86,765.52 From the above computation, we realize that the company spend RM 86,765,520 in the project for expansion. This cost has been made as payment to various expenditures for a span of 3 years. That is, 2017 to 2019. On the other hand, the same company will generate total revenue of 30 + 31.5 + 33.075= 94.575 million for a span of 3 years. Since the cash inflow in there years is greater than cash outflow in three years, then the business is worth investing. That is, cash flow= cash inflow-cash outflow= 94.575-86.76552=7.80948 million. With the aid of Present Worth and Future Worth analysis, explain the feasibility of the proposal if Minimum Attractive Rate of Return (MARR) is 20%. The net present worth (NPW) or present worth or net present value (NPV) of given series of cash flow is the equivalent values of the cash flows at the end of year zero. That is, at the beginning of year 1. Net present worth = equivalent present worth of future cash flow initial investment (Daft, 2015). Under NPW method, PW of all cash inflows are compared with PW of all cash outflows. The difference between these PVs is called the net present value. This is the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows of a project. To get the present values a discount rate is used which is the rate of return or the opportunity cost of capital (DeTombe, 2012). The opportunity cost of capital is the expected rate of return that an investor could earn if the money would have been invested in financial assets of equivalent risk. Hence its the return that an investor would expect to earn. When calculating the NPV the cash flows are used and this implies that any non-cash item such as depreciation if included in the cash flows should be adjusted for (Arnold, 2010). Cash flows of the investment should be forecasted based on realistic assumptions. If sufficient information is given one should make the appropriate adjustments for non-cash items. Identify the appropriate discount rate (Fletcher, 2012). For this project the rate of return is provided at 20%. Compute the present value of cash flows identified in step 1 using the discount rate in step2. The NPV is found by subtracting the present value of cash out flows from present value of cash inflows. Mathematically this is represented as follow. Net Present Value (NPV) or present worth This is defined mathematically as the present value of cash flow less the initial outflow. Where Ct is the cash flow K is the opportunity cost of capital Io is the initial cash outflow n is the useful life of the project Decision Rule using NPV The decision rule under NPV is to: - Accept the project if the NPV is positive - Reject the project if NPV is negative Note: if the NPV = 0, use other methods to make the decision. Thus, if we compute the present worth of the company at rate of return of 20%, then we discount the cash flows for three years. That is from 2017 to 2019. We discount the revenue of 30 million at 20% rate of return (Gogu, 2017). However, since the engineering department has drafted a 10 years plan including of expanding a new plant to accommodate the production of this new range of cars, the present worth can be computed for a period of 10 years. Present worth = ((30, 000,000 (1+0.2)) + ((30, 000,000 (1+0.2)2) + ((30, 000,000 (1+0.2)3) +..+ ((30, 000,000 (1+0.2)10) 86,765,520 = 275,000,000 Future worth. Net Future Value measures the surplus in an investment project at time zero. Net future worth measures the surplus or equivalent worth or value of a project at the end of the investment period (Heranz, 2010). For the project under consideration, the future worth of the project will be compounded at a rate of return given as 20%. Mathematically, FW= A0(1+I)10 + A1(1+I)9+ A2(1+I)8+ .+ A2(1+I)1 . This formula will calculate the future worth for a period of 3 years. That is, from 2017 to 2019. However, since the engineering department has drafted a 10 years plan including of expanding a new plant to accommodate the production of this new range of cars, the future worth can be computed for a period of 10 years. Future worth = 30,000,000 (1+0.2)10+ 30,000,000 (1+0.2)9+30,000,000 (1+0.2)8+ . + 30,000,000 (1+0.2)1 = 342,000,000. From the computed values of present worth and future worth of the company at Minimum Attractive Rate of Return (MARR) of 20%, the project under consideration is feasible for the following decision. The present worth of ANB Automobile Berhad Company is positive (Lee, 2016). This implies that the project has a positive net present value. In that case, the project is worth investing hence feasible. From future worth, we find that the value of future worth of the project expansion is greater than present worth of the project (Kanungo Manuel, 2014). This is a positive indicator that the project is worth investing hence feasible. Prepare a plot of PW versus i estimate the break even rate of return for the proposal. Sensitivity analysis is a variation of the break-even analysis (Marylene, 2014). In sensitivity analysis we are asking; for example, what shall be the consequences if volume or price or cost changes? This question can be asked differently: How much lower the sales volume can become before the project becomes Unprofitable? To answer this question we shall require the breakeven point. A plot on pw verse i can be given when i represent rate of return for the project. Recall that present worth = net present value. If i2 = 20% then: PW (I) 2 = 275 PW (I) 1 - PW (I) 2 PW (I) 1 0 Continuing with the above example, let us compute the level of units variable costs above which the PW is negative. PW = Annual cash flows x PVIFA 20%, 10 yrs. - 86,765,520 Annual cash flows = Revenue Let break even rate of return be V Annual cash flows = (30,000,000 - 100 (V) Therefore NPV = [(300,000,000 - 100 V) At Breakeven point PW = 0 Therefore (165,000 - 50 V + 15,000) 6.145 = 86,765,520 1,106,100 - 30,725,000 v = 86,765,520 30,725,000 V = 86,765,520-1,106,100 V = 2.78793881% Thus, the required break even rate of return for the proposal is 2.78793881%. Propose the price of the car and minimum production unit per year needed to generate the annual revenue that breakeven the cost for R D and setting up the new plant. Assume that the company is expected to breakeven the cost after 5 years at Minimum Attractive Rate of Return (MARR) 20%. NPV = Annual cash flows x PVIFA 20%, 5 yrs. - 86,765,520 Annual cash flows = Revenue - variable costs - Fixed costs - depreciation - Tax + depreciation. Let variable cost per unit be V. for this case, depreciation and taxation are not provided. Thus, we compute the value of one unit or rather one car as follows. Annual cash flows = Revenue - variable costs - Fixed costs The operating cost for the project = variable costs +fixed costs Annual cash flows = Revenue operating costs. Operation cost for five years = 950,000+ 950,000 104% + 988,000104% +1,027,520 104% +1,068620 104% = 5,145,505 Revenue for 5 years= 30,000,000(1+0.05)5= 127,575,000 Annual cash flows = 86,765,520 Therefore NPV = 275,000,000 At Breakeven point NPV = 0 Therefore, Annual cash flows = Revenue operating costs. 86,765520 V = 275,000,000 + 127,575,000 V = 4.6939 million. Therefore the point above which the variable cost per unit will cause the NPV to be negative is about 4.6939 million. This will be the price of the car. Suggest some strategies to be used in penetrating the current automobile market that is highly competitive. A market is allocatively efficient if it directs savings towards the most efficient productive enterprise or project. In this situation, the most efficient enterprises will find it easier to raise funds and economic prosperity for the whole economy should result (Maslow, 2013). Allocative efficiency will be at its optimal level if there is no alternative allocation of funds channeled from savings that would result in higher economic prosperity. To be allocatively efficient, the market should have fewer financial intermediaries such that funds are allocated directly from savers to users, therefore financial disintermediation should be encouraged. This concept relates to the cost, to the borrower and lender, of doing business in a particular market. The greater the transaction cost, the greater the cost of using financial market and therefore the lower the operational efficiency (McGregor, 2012). Transaction cost is kept as low as possible where there is open competition between broker and other market participants. For a market to be operationally efficient, therefore, we need to have enough market makers who are able to play continuously. This reflects the extent to which the information regarding the future prospect of a security is reflected in its current price. If all known (public information) is reflected in the security price, then investing in securities becomes a fair game (Christopher, 2011). All investors have the same chances mainly because all the information that can be known is already reflected in share prices (Richard, 2013). Information efficiency is important in financial management because it means that the effect of management decision will quickly and accurately be reflected in security prices. Efficient market hypothesis relates to information processing efficiency. It argues that stock markets are efficient such that information is reflected in share prices accurately and rapidly. Creative Accounting strategy In an efficient market, prices are based upon expected future cash flow and therefore they reflect all current information (Clardy, 2013). There is no point therefore in firms attempting to distort current information to their advantage since investors will quickly see through such attempts. Studies have been done for example to show that changes from straight-line depreciation to reducing balance method, although it may result to increasing profit, may have no long-term effect on share prices (Ryan Deci, 2017). This is because the companys cash flows remain the same. Other studies support the conclusion that investors cannot be fooled by manipulation of accounting profit figure or charges in capital structure of company. Eventually, the investors will know the cash flow consequences and alter the share prices consequently. It compels the decision maker to identify the variables which affect the cash flow forecasts. This helps him in understanding the investment project in totality. It indicates the critical variables for which additional information may be obtained (Thabet, 2017). The decision maker can consider actions which may help in strengthening the "weak spots" in the project. It helps to expose inappropriate forecasts and thus guides the decision maker to concentrate on relevant variables. Competitive advantage strategy. The company need to market the automobile products to wider area so as to outdo the competitors. Again, the company may decide to absorb other companies dealing with automobile products via mergers, acquisition and amalgamation (Thomas, 2009). This will create a monopoly in the market hence achieving competitive advantage to the company. References. Arnold, J. (2010). Coaching Skills for Leaders in the Workplace: How to Develop, Motivate and Get the Best from Your Staff. How to Books. Chopra, S. (2012). Supply Chain Management. Pearson Education. Christopher, M. (2011). Logistics and Supply Chain Management. FT Press. Clardy, A. (2013). A General Framework for Performance Management Systems: Structure, Design, and Analysis.Performance Improvement,52(2), 5-15. Cocca, P., Alberti, M. (2012). A framework to assess performance measurement systems in SMEs.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,59(2), 186-200. Combs, G., Clapp-Smith, R., Nadkarni, S. (2010). Managing BPO service workers in India: Examining hope on performance outcomes.Human Resource Management,49(3), 457-476. Daft, RL (2015). Management. South Western College Pub. DeTombe, D. (2012). Complex Societal Problems in Operational Research.European Journal of Operational Research,140(2), 232-240. Fletcher, F. (2012). Business Problem Solving. Routledge. Gogu, M. (2017). Emergency situations, adaptive management and national health strategies.Global Journal of Sociology: Current Issues,6(2), 29. Heranz, J. (2010). Network Performance and Coordination.Public Performance Management Review,33(3), 311-341. Kanungo, R.N., Manuel, M. (2014). Work Motivation: Models for Developing Countries. Sage Publication put. Lee, S.S. (2016). Critical analysis of the educational community discussion: Focusing on the conceptualization.Journal of Educational Innovation Research,26(1), 45-69. Marylene, G. (2014). The Oxford Handbook of Work Engagement, Motivation and Self-Determination Theory. OUP USA. Maslow, A.H. (2013). A Theory of Human Motivation. Start publishing LLC. McGregor, D. (2012). The Human Side of Enterprise. New Yolk, 21. Richard, A. (2013). Job Satisfaction from Herzbergs Two Factor Theory Perspective. Grin publishing. Ryan, R.M., Deci, EL. (2017). Self-Determination Theory: Basic Psychological Need in Motivation, development and Wellness. The Guilford press. Thabet, A. (2017). Theoretical Framework Measures Management Accounting Systems and Credit Risk Management Policies and Practices towards Organizational Performance in Palestinian Commercial Banks.Account and Financial Management Journal. Thomas, K.W. (2009). Intrinsic Motivation: What Really Drives Employees Engagement. Berret-Koehler publishers.